Mon, 08 Nov 2021 09:19:52 GMT Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:34 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:34 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-6-2014-getting-to-the-bottom-of-the-dutch-savings-surplus/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:32 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-6-2013-challenges-for-financial-sector-supervision/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:27 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-7-2014-putting-macroprudential-policy-to-work/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:22 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-06-2006-the-sustainability-of-the-dutch-pension-system/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:21 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-6-2011-is-there-a-race-to-the-bottom-in-central-counterparties-competition/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:16 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-05-2006-china-in-2006-an-economist-s-view/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:14 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-6-2015-biases-in-suapervision-what-are-they-and-how-can-we-deal-with-them/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:11 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-5-2011-housing-bubbles-the-leverage-cycle-and-the-role-of-central-banking/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:09 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-5-2016-the-return-on-equity-of-large-dutch-banks/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:07 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-5-2014-collateral-optimisation-re-use-and-transformation/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:04 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-04-2003-a-survey-of-institutional-frameworks-for-financial-stability/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:03 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-5-2015-longevity-risk-transfer-activities-by-european-insurers-and-pension-funds/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:23:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-5-2013-financial-imbalances-and-macroprudential-policy-in-a-currency-union/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:56 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-5-2012-shadow-banking-an-exploratory-study-for-the-netherlands/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:51 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-03-2006-how-fair-are-fair-values-a-comparison-for-cross-listed-financial-companies/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:45 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2014-chinese-banks-risks-and-challenges/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:43 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-03-2003-intermediation-integration-and-internationalisation-a-survey-on-banking-in-europe/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:41 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2015-central-bank-collaterall/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:39 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2013-the-irrationality-of-payment-behaviour/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:35 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-02-2008-confidence-and-trust-empirical-investigations-for-the-netherlands-and-the-financial-sector/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:33 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2012-the-centerpanel-and-the-dnb-household-survey-methodological-aspects/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:28 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2015-effects-of-further-reductions-in-the-ltv-limit/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:25 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-02-2007-public-feed-back-for-better-banknote-design-2/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:22 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-02-2006-an-international-scorecard-for-measuring-bank-performance-the-case-of-dutch-banks/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:21 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2011-what-is-a-fit-banknote-the-dutch-public-responds/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:19 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2015-wealth-formation-of-dutch-households-a-policy-assessment/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:09 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-02-2005-payments-are-no-free-lunch/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:22:04 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2010-banknote-design-for-retailers-and-public/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:21:48 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2014-bank-lending-and-capital/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:21:48 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-02-2004-depositor-and-investor-protection-in-the-netherlands-past-present-and-future/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:21:44 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2019-unravelling-the-savings-surplus-of-dutch-corporations/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:21:44 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2013-a-descriptive-analysis-of-the-balance-sheet-and-monetary-policy-of-de-nederlandsche-bank-1900-1998-and-beyond/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:21:25 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2012-designing-banknote-identity/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:21:22 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-01-2008-towards-a-european-payments-market-survey-results-on-cross-border-payment-behaviour-of-dutch-consumers/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:21:06 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2011-the-post-crisis-world-of-collateral-and-international-liquidity/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:59 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-01-2007-microfinanciering-deposito-s-en-toezicht-de-wereld-is-groot-denk-klein/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:52 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2017-developing-macroprudential-policy-for-alternative-investment-funds/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:33 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2010-macro-effects-of-higher-capital-and-liquidity-requirements-for-banks/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:33 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-01-2006-euromon-the-multi-country-model-of-de-nederlandsche-bank/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:25 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2017-a-top-down-stress-testing-framework-for-the-dutch-banking-sector/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:18 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2014-studies-beyond-finance-financial-supervision-in-the-21st-century/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:13 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-01-2005-labour-market-participation-of-ageing-workers-micro-financial-incentives-and-policy-considerations/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:20:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2013-social-costs-of-pos-payments-in-the-netherlands-2002-2012-efficiency-gains-from-increased-debit-card-usage/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:19:55 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2016-inflation-in-the-euro-area-and-why-it-matters/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:19:54 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-01-2004-towards-a-framework-for-financial-stability/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:19:38 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2012-cash-usage-in-the-netherlands-how-much-where-when-who-and-whenever-one-wants/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:19:36 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-01-2003-requirements-for-successful-currency-regimes-the-dutch-and-thai-experiences/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:19:19 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2009-how-does-cross-border-collateral-affect-a-country-s-central-bank-and-prudential-supervisor/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:18:57 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2017-capitalising-on-the-euro/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:18:40 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2014-wage-development-considered/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:18:31 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-05-2008-dutch-gas-revenues-and-budgetary-policy-theory-versus-practice/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:18:17 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2013-funding-problems-in-the-mortgage-market/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:18:07 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2016-time-for-transition-an-exploratory-study-of-the-transition-to-a-carbon-neutral-economy/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:17:51 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2012-is-collateral-becoming-scarce-evidence-for-the-euro-area/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:17:48 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-04-2008-the-supervision-of-banks-in-europe-the-case-for-a-tailor-made-set-up/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:17:28 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2011-delfi-dnb-s-macroeconomic-policy-model-of-the-netherlands/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:17:26 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-03-2009-distortionary-effects-of-anti-crisis-measures-and-how-to-limit-them/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:17:24 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2018-from-cash-to-cards-how-debit-card-payments-overtook-cash-in-the-netherlands/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:16:59 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-03-2008-islamic-finance-and-supervision-an-exploratory-analysis/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:16:38 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2010-reinsurers-as-financial-intermediaries-in-the-market-for-catastrophic-risk/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:16:35 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2017-the-housing-market-in-major-dutch-cities/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:16:09 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2016-a-shock-to-the-system-market-illiquidity-and-concentrated-holdings-in-european-bond-markets/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:15:26 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2010-the-performance-of-eu-foreign-trade-a-sectoral-analysis/ Mon, 20 Oct 2025 07:15:06 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-02-2009-banknote-design-for-the-visually-impaired/ In this study we examine the profitability of the Dutch banking sector. Against the backdrop of the financial and European debt crises, profits of the Dutch banking sector were under pressure for some time. Tue, 16 Sep 2025 08:05:41 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2022-interest-rates-resilience-and-return-a-scenario-analysis-of-the-profitability-of-dutch-bank/ The national central banks of the Eurosystem are preparing for the possible issuance of a digital euro. This initiative aims to provide a universally accepted, secure, and reliable form of central bank money in the digital era in the eurozone Thu, 28 Aug 2025 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2025-attitudes-of-dutch-merchants-towards-the-digital-euro/ This paper builds on existing literature on federated learning to introduce an innovative framework, which we call federated modelling. Thu, 21 Aug 2025 10:25:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2025-federated-modelling-a-new-framework-and-an-application-to-system-wide-stress-testing/ The national central banks of the Eurosystem are investigating the possibility of issuing a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) – the digital euro – alongside cash. Tue, 15 Apr 2025 10:25:44 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2025-the-offline-digital-euro-and-holding-limits-a-user-centred-approach/ Industrial competitiveness is back as a central topic on the table of policy makers all over Europe. This renewed attention has been driven by changes to the relative cost-efficiency of European industrial production. Wed, 02 Apr 2025 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2025-competitiveness-of-the-dutch-energy-intensive-industry-energy-prices-grid-costs-and-ets/ Central bank profits are important as they help to maintain a strong balance sheet and financial independence from the government. Thu, 01 Aug 2024 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/volume-21-3-on-the-profitability-of-central-banks/ There is scientific consensus that nature and its vital contributions to prosperity are deteriorating worldwide. Against this background, measures are being taken to halt and reverse nature degradation at global, regional, and national levels. Importantly [...] Wed, 13 Dec 2023 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2023-the-economic-and-financial-stability-repercussions-of-nature-degradation-for-the-netherlands-exploring-scenarios-with-transition-shocks/ Crypto-assets have shown a remarkable evolution over the past two years that highlights their relevance for society as a whole. There have been large inflows and outflows in these markets. There have been polarised debates between crypto believers and sceptics. Mon, 07 Nov 2022 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-06-2022-crypto-assets-evolution-and-policy-response/ Central banks worldwide have deployed a range of new monetary policy instruments in response to extraordinary crisis circumstances and persistently low inflation. Wed, 24 Aug 2022 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-5-2022-the-eurosystem-s-monetary-toolbox-in-unconventional-times/ Mon, 25 Jul 2022 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2022-on-the-capitalisation-of-central-banks/ Cyber risk is an increasingly important source of risk, not just to individual financial institutions, but also to the financial system as whole. The number of cyber incidents has increased over the past years, and the incidents have become more costly. Wed, 08 Jun 2022 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-3-2022-a-macroprudential-perspective-on-cyber-risk/ Real estate plays an important role in debates on the transition to a carbon-neutral economy. Tue, 08 Feb 2022 08:43:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2022-real-estate-and-climate-transition-risk-a-financial-stability-perspective/ Thu, 17 Jun 2021 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2021-financing-the-transition-seizing-opportunities-for-a-green-recovery/ Thu, 28 Jan 2021 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2021-misleading-footprints-inflation-and-exchange-rate-effects-in-relative-carbon-disclosure-metrics/ Tue, 12 Jan 2021 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/changing-international-landscape-and-the-dutch-economy-trends-drivers-and-consequences/ Thu, 17 Dec 2020 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2020-the-role-and-future-of-cash/ Wed, 15 Apr 2020 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2020-central-bank-digital-currency-objectives-preconditions-and-design-choices/ Thu, 14 Mar 2019 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-1-2019-the-quality-and-independence-of-residential-property-appraisals/ Thu, 15 Oct 2015 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-4-2015-dutch-mortgages-in-the-dnb-loan-level-data/ Tue, 01 Mar 2011 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-2-2011-crisis-management-tools-in-the-eu-what-do-we-really-need/ Wed, 01 Jan 2003 12:00:00 GMT https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-study/nr-02-2003-the-blurring-of-distinctions-between-financial-sectors-fact-or-fiction/