Competitiveness of the Dutch energy-intensive industry: energy prices, grid costs and ETS

Volume 18 - 01
Occasional Studies
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Industrial competitiveness is back as a central topic on the table of policy makers all over Europe. This renewed attention has been driven by changes to the relative cost-efficiency of European industrial production.

Published: 02 April 2025

By: Bas Heerma van Voss Andra Smadu Guido Schotten Stefan Wöhrmüller

The Occasional Studies series aims to disseminate thinking on policy and analytical issues in areas relevant to De Nederlandsche Bank. Views expressed are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of De Nederlandsche Bank.

Nr 1 (2025): Competitiveness of the Dutch energy-intensive industry: energy prices, grid costs and ETS

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