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Social costs of POS payments in the Netherlands 2002–2012: Efficiency gains from increased debit card usage

Occasional Studies
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Published: 20 October 2025

By: Nicole Jonker

Several times per year DNB issues an Occasional Study, a publication designed for a broader public than just economists. Occasional Studies cover a specific research or policy theme, contributing to national and international policy debates.

Social costs of POS payments in the Netherlands 2002–2012: Efficiency gains from increased debit card usage

Social costs of POS payments in the Netherlands 2002–2012: Efficiency gains from increased debit card usage

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