Warning: Scammers may contact you by phone or email and claim to be from De Nederlandsche Bank. Do not respond! We will never contact you by phone or email. And we will never ask you to provide personal details or transfer money. Read more

Social costs of POS payments in the Netherlands 2002–2012: Efficiency gains from increased debit card usage

Occasional Studies
Read aloud

Published: 20 October 2025

By: Nicole Jonker

Several times per year DNB issues an Occasional Study, a publication designed for a broader public than just economists. Occasional Studies cover a specific research or policy theme, contributing to national and international policy debates.

Social costs of POS payments in the Netherlands 2002–2012: Efficiency gains from increased debit card usage

Social costs of POS payments in the Netherlands 2002–2012: Efficiency gains from increased debit card usage

496KB PDF
Download Social costs of POS payments in the Netherlands 2002–2012: Efficiency gains from increased debit card usage

Discover related articles